Paragraph Writing for SSC and HSC

Paragraph হচ্ছে কোনো একটি ধারণার উপর সুসঙ্গত, সুগঠিত এবং যৌক্তিক আলোচনা। Paragraph -এর বাক্যগুলো পর¯ক্সরের সাথে যুক্ত থাকবে। এছাড়াও বাক্যগুলো অর্থের দিক দিয়ে সংগতিপূর্ণ হবে।

Point to Remember :   একটি মানসম্মত Paragraph লেখার জন্য নিম্নলিখিত বিষয়গুলোর উপর গুরুত্ব  দিতে হবে।  

                       (ক)    একটি Title থাকতে হবে।
                       (খ)    একটি প্যারায় লিখতে হবে।
                       (গ)    একই বক্তব্য পুনরাবৃত্তি করা যাবে না।    
                       (ঘ)    সহজ-সরল ও ছোট ছোট বাক্য দিয়ে লেখা শ্রেয়।
                       (ঙ)    অর্থের ধারাবাহিকতা রক্ষা করতে হবে।
                        (চ)    সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ পরিহার করতে হবে।

Part of Paragraph: একটি প্যারাগ্রাফের তিনটি অংশ থাকে : 

                   (i) Topic sentence
                   (ii)  Supporting sentences
                  (iii) Closing sentence

Global Warming
There are many reasons for global warming around the world and it has disastrous effects on us. The greenhouse effect is the main cause of global warming. The rise in atmospheric temperature is known as the greenhouse effect. Our atmosphere is guarded by an ozone layer that resists the entrance of ultra-violet rays from the sun. But deforestation around us and the increased amount of carbon dioxide, methane, and chloro-floro carbons affect that layer. The heat of the sun enters directly into the atmosphere of the earth. Scientists are worried about this increased heat because it is melting the ice in the polar regions. If this process continues for a long time, the layer of water in the oceans will rise and flood the coastal areas and farmlands of Bangladesh. besides, this will reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness. So, the greenhouse effect is the main cause of global warming along with deforestation and the rise of CFC gas. So, in order to solve this problem, we have to prevent or reduce the amount of emission of greenhouse gases. (Words: 182)

Importance of Learning English
The importance of learning English is beyond description. It is the most influential international language now. It has become the second language of our country. We need to know the language for many reasons. We cannot communicate with the people of other countries in our mother tongue. We need a language that is common to the people of all the countries. When we go outside, we use English to communicate with foreigners. We have to use English in business correspondence with foreigners. Nowadays business has become international. The businessmen have to maintain international relations. So they use the English language. Next, we require the English language for higher studies because books of higher classes are written in English. Besides, most books of knowledge and science are either written in English or translated into English. It is not possible to operate a computer without knowing English. Moreover, English is essential in Foreign Service. English is now considered a necessary skill. So the English language has become a very necessary language for us. (Words: 168)

Victory Day

16th December is the Victory Day of Bangladesh. The day is a red letter day in the history of Bangladesh and the day is important for various reasons. Firstly, on this day we won the victory at the cost of a bloody war of nine months. Bangladesh came into being and occupied a place in the world map as an independent country. Secondly, about three million people including more than two lac women sacrificed their lives for the sake of independence of our country. Thirdly, the day reminds us of the sacrifices of our valiant people. Fourthly, the memory of the martyrs always inspires us to do something better for the nation. Finally, the day is a day of great joy, hope and inspiration and the victory is a victory against injustice, tyranny and falsehood. If anybody wants to know about the value of motherland and be a true patriot, he/she should learn about the importance of victory day. (Words : 159)

An Ideal Teacher

There are some outstanding qualities that help a teacher to be an ideal teacher. Such as his teaching method is extraordinary and art of speaking is very appealing. He makes his lessons interesting. He acts when he delivers his lecture. He never sits motionless before his class. He is able to bring out the latent talent of a student with proper guidance. He is well behaved. He is not biased to any student, rather he treats all equally. He is a man of upright character in his private life. He is punctual and economical in every respect. He does the right things at the right time. He is studious. He is sincere to his work. Moreover, he takes care of every student so that he regards him as an intimate friend. This is why, he is very popular with the students and becomes a model for the students. All the above mentioned qualities make a teacher an ideal one. (Words : 159)

Paragraph Writing

Necessity of Education

Education is important in our personal, social and national life for some reasons. Firstly, no nation can progress without education. Education is said to be the backbone of a nation. So a nation becomes paralyzed without education. Today we find that the nation which is more educated is more developed. If the people of a nation are educated, they remain conscious about their responsibilities towards people and nation and can perform their duties accordingly. Secondly, education is very much essential for the personal development. It builds the personality of a person and makes him worthy to meet challenges of the modern world. It broadens our outlook and teaches us patience and universal brotherhood. Thirdly, education is also essential for our family life. An educated person can manage and support his family better than an uneducated person. In conclusion, we can say that education is the most important thing for a person, a society as well as for a nation. (Words : 159)

How to Keep in Good Health

To keep in good health, one has to follow certain rules and discipline. Firstly, early rising is essential for keeping a sound health. The greatest advantage of early rising is a good start of day’s hard work. There is serenity in nature and the air is fresh. All these refresh the mind and body. Secondly, a balanced diet is essential in this regard. Balanced diet is a diet that contains all kinds of food value. But it is a great regret that most of the people of our country live below poverty line and they do not get the food which they need for good health. Thirdly, physical exercise is another important thing to keep in good health. Fourthly, it is necessary to follow the rules of cleanliness. Cleanliness is the prerequisite to keep in good health. Finally, one has to take proper rest or sleep to maintain good health. Since health is the root of all happiness, we should try to follow these rules for our own benefit. (Words: 169)

How to Make a Cup of Tea

Following some steps, a cup of tea can be prepared. At first, one has to boil some water for a few minutes. Then he has to add some tea leaves to the boiled water. He should look at the color of the boiled water. If he thinks the color is not okay,  he needs to add more tea leaves. After a while, he has to put the liquor in a teacup through a strainer. After that, he has to add sugar and stir it with a spoon properly. Finally, he can add a little more sugar if he thinks the tea is not so tasty. Thus, tea is prepared and it is known as red tea ). If he wants to have milk or lemon tea, he can add milk or lemon juice, and then the specified tea is prepared. So, following these steps one by one, one can make a cup of tea. (Words: 155)

How to Become a Good Student

It is not easy to be a good student. A student can never be a good student overnight. In order to be a good student, one has to attain some qualities. First of all, he should have a daily routine for study. He should read regularly and punctually. Then he must be regular in classes. He has to listen to his teacher’s lessons and instructions. And he should take notes from classes and make his own notes according to his class notes, textbooks, and his own skills. Next, he has to practice the notes and read the texts. After that, he needs to discuss with other good students about any difficult topic. In the exam hall, he has to answer all the questions technically. Finally, he will also have to obey his parents, teachers. He should also participate in various social and national activities. So, attaining all the good qualities, he can be a good student. (Words: 156)

How to Learn English Well

To learn English well, one has to follow several procedures. Firstly he has to be determined to learn it. Then he has to acquire the four skills of English– namely reading, writing, listening and speaking. Specially he must listen to English news to develop listening skill. Conversation with others will help him develop his speaking skill. Next, he has to understand what he reads and writes. For this, huge vocabulary and grammatical knowledge are a must. He has to read different books and write about various things in English regularly. He may watch English movies and hear English news because he can increase his English vocabulary by watching different English movies, programmes, news, etc. After that, he also needs to be careful about what he is reading or writing. Finally, he is to be in touch with all these skills in a practical sense. In fact, to learn English well, he has to follow the all-inclusive steps with fervent determination. (Words : 161)

A Hartal Day

Though calling and observing hartal is a democratic process to ensure the rights of people, a hartal day has lots of negative effects. A hartal day is such a day when there is a scarcity of transport in the streets. Offices, educational institutions, shopping malls and other business sectors of the country are supposed to be closed. Call for frequent hartals causes a great loss to every sphere of life. Day laborers suffer a lot. As no transportation is allowed, people cannot supply or get their necessary goods. The price of the daily commodities increases by leaps and bounds. Besides, very often when there is hartal, there is a procession of the opposition party. During the procession, there is clash (msNl©) between the police and the processions and the general people lose a lot. For the development of the country everybody should be conscious of the negative effects of a hartal day. Hartal should be called for the positive purpose and observed in a democratic way. (Words: 164)

Satellite TV Channels : A Source of Cultural Interaction

Despite having some negative effects, satellite TV has added a new dimension  (gvÎv) to our oriental life providing many programmes through different channels. Satellite TV is a great source of recreation and knowledge. It has a great importance in the field of education. Different channels telecast various educative dramas, movies, sports, cultural functions, news, and documentaries. With the combined help of satellite and dish antenna, satellite TV can telecast any program live from the remotest part of the world. The world has turned into a global village. It brings us the information regarding states, economics, politics, anthropology, geography, science, literature, archaeology and the art and culture of every country of the world. But many people especially the young generations are forgetting our own customs and culture and becoming more addicted to western culture, which is leading them to moral degradation. To foster and enrich our own culture we should arrange different programmes which are related to our culture, history etc. (Words : 160)

Earthquake

Nowadays earthquake has become a buzzword in our country for some special reasons. Because Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone. Recently it is frequently felt in Bangladesh. But the people of our country are not conscious enough about the gravity of this dangerous natural calamity. If any major earthquake occurs in Bangladesh, most of the buildings in most city areas will be destroyed as they are not built in accordance with an earthquake resistant code. Moreover, a group of experts opine that the repetition of quakes in recent years should be taken as a signal for a major earthquake. Though another group of experts believe, the concern should not be amplified (ewa©Z Kiv) because there are a number of fault lines in the geographical area comprising Bangladesh, but none of them are active enough to pose a major threat. However, in order to protect us from such an impending danger, everybody must be conscious about the causes and results of earthquake. (Words : 160)

Self-employment

Self-employment is called the best employment. There are various reasons why it is called the best employment. It makes a man individually self dependent. It refers to not working for an employer but finding work for oneself or having one’s own business. It can bring about a change in the fate of a nation. It always teaches a man to stand upon his own feet on earth. Self-employment may be the only reasonable way to solve the problem of unemployment. Unemployed people can take training from different training institutions to be self-employed. After receiving training they themselves can open their own business like fishing, poultry keeping, rice-husking, weaving, cattle-raising and other handicrafts taking loans from banks on easy terms and conditions. In this way they can contribute to the economy of the nation. So, self-employment is the best of all employments and it should be encouraged to make the country developed and to get rid of the curse of unemployment. (Words : 160)

Changing Role of Women

Women can play a vital role in her family as well as in the society and their role is changing gradually. They are no more only mother and dependent on men. They are no longer confined in the four walls. Rather they are coming out of their cocoon and getting educated. They are becoming conscious about their rights and privileges. They are now working in almost all the sectors of national development competing with men equally. They are proving their worth competing with men. They have started earning and contributing to the family income. At the same time they are exercising an influence on family affairs. Women are serving the nation by being teachers, doctors, engineers, reporters, magistrates, intellectuals, political leaders, social workers, nurses, garment workers, pilots and what not. This is undoubtedly a good sign for the development of the nation. This changing attitude of women will contribute to the development of the country to a great extent. (Words : 160)

              A Mobile Phone/Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phone

A mobile phone is a great invention of modern science. It is called so because a user can carry it wherever he goes out. It has made the interpersonal communication very easy and fast. One can communicate with the expected person within a few seconds through a mobile phone. Business communication has become easier because of the use of this device and all steps of life are benefited by it. It is also helpful for the students. They can get suggestion of their studies from their friends and teachers. So the number of consumers of mobile phone is increasing day by day. It makes the world smaller and brings all closer. But it is unfortunate that it has some negative aspects too. Criminals also use it for their activities. It causes some health hazard. Scientists believe that it causes brain tumors by its invisible and uncontrolled radio activity. Especially the pregnant women and children should not use it at all. In spite of all these, a mobile phone is a blessing for us. (Words : 173)

An Ideal Student

An ideal student is an all-rounder having many different qualities, skills and abilities. He/She is an asset for the school and for the country. Punctuality is a good virtue for all. An ideal student is always regular and punctual in attending the class and submitting the assignment. A good student is very studious. He/She learns and earns and his/her learning is an asset. He/She does not leave anything undone for tomorrow that can be done today. An ideal student always speaks the truth. So it is seen that an ideal student always remains ahead and success embraces him/her all the times. All these qualities make him/ her different from other students. We need simplicity and sincerity in all walks of life. An ideal student is simple in behaviour, sincere in activities and dedicated towards the nation. He/She should be polite in his/her behaviour in order to be loved and cared for by all. He/She is always obedient to his parents and teachers. Above all, everybody loves an ideal student. (Words : 169)

My Favourite Teacher

Mr. Monirul Ahsan Hero, our English teacher, is my favourite teacher. I like him very much for some of his extra-ordinary qualities. His method of teaching is outstanding. His art of speaking is also very appealing. I become spellbound when I listen to him. His pronunciation is so clear that students can understand his lecture easily. Besides, he takes care of every student in such a manner that everyone regards him as an intimate one. Moreover, he is rude to none, rather he treats all very politely and equally. He is also very co-operative. If a student fails to  understand any term, he helps him understand it again and again. He is very punctual. For these reasons, he is very poular with the students. He leads a very simple life. I hardly find these qualities in other teachers. Following him, I would like to be a teacher like him. I am very proud of my favourite teacher. (Words : 157)

My Future Plan of Life

Every person has a future plan of his/her life. I have also my own future plan of life. And I am leading my life towards that plan. The plan is to be a doctor. My parents have given their consent to my choice. There are many reasons for choosing the profession of a doctor. The village people in our country are very poor and illiterate. They do not have any knowledge of health and sanitation. They often suffer from various diseases. But there is no qualified doctor to serve them. There are a few quacks but they cannot serve them properly. They only gather money from our poor and simple villagers. Many people die a premature (AKvj) death for want of proper treatment. So I have decided to serve them through this profession. I have also a determination to set up a charitable dispensary in our village and distribute medicines to the poor free of cost. (Words : 155)

Paragraph Writing

A Book Fair I Visited

During last February I went to visit the Ekusey Boi Mela. The fair took place on Bangla Academy premises. It is the biggest and most gorgeous book fair of the country. I went to the fair with my friends. The premises of Bangla Academy to ok a festive look. There were a lot of bookstalls beautifully decorated. Visitors were moving from one row to another just like the rows of ants. People were looking for their favourite and chosen books. We visited a lot of stalls and bought a number of books. While we were about to finish our visit, I noticed the great writer Muhammad Zafar Iqbal sitting on a chair in front of a stall. I also noticed the great poet Al Mahmud also sitting beside him. The two great personalities were talking with each other and curious people were gathering round them for taking their autograph. At last we finished our visit to the fair and came back home with a lot of experience and a permanent impression of the fair in my mind. (Words : 176)

The Family I live In

I live in a nuclear family which makes me happy and provides me a lot of advantages to enjoy. Our family consists of five members including me. I have a brother and a sister. My father is a school teacher. He does not earn enough. He runs our family with great difficulty. But my father is an honest man. My mother is a devoted housewife. She is about forty. She manages our family carefully. Our parents are very conscious of our education. They are religious. I am a first year college student of Dhaka College. My elder sister is a brilliant student of Dhaka Medical College. My younger brother is a student of class IX. He is a meritorious student. We are living in peace with each other in our family. We live together, dream together and hope together. We have developed a very good relation among us. We are friendly and pass our time gossiping, playing and laughing. I am proud of living in such a happy family. (Words : 169)

The City/Town I Live In

I live in Dhaka. In spite of having a lot of problems, it has earned the prestige of being the capital city. It is situated on the river Buriganga. The Lalbagh Kella, the Star Mosque, the Race Course Maidan, the Central Shahid Minar, the Nawab Bari, intensify the historical importance of this city. As a citizen of Dhaka, I enjoy a lot of modern facilities and amenities. The renowned educational institutions, hospitals, shopping centres, the airport etc serve the city dwellers very much. People from all over the country rush to Dhaka to enjoy these facilities. Dhaka is now bestowed with a lot of problems. The city has become over populated. The tenants also suffer to get a good residence. The name of traffic jam terrifies the city dwellers. Sometimes terrorism gets increased to sweep away the peace of mind of the town people. The city is getting more and more polluted day by day. There is almost no open space provided for children in my city. To the best of my knowledge, it is the best city in Bangladesh. (Words : 181)

A Stormy Night

Last year I had a terrible experience of a stormy night. It was the Bangla month of Baishakh. One day in the evening, I went to a local market with my uncle to buy fish and other things. The day was very hot. All on a sudden, the wind dropped and the weather became uncanny. The northern sky began to grow dark and a big cloud began to move fast towards the south. My uncle told me to follow him fast. Within a few minutes there were heavy lightning and thunderbolts. By that time, the whole area was completely dark and nothing was clearly visible. But the light of frequent lightning was making everything clear to see. Before my own eyes I saw a big jackfruit tree being uprooted. It made a great cracking sound. After a while we reached home and took shelter in our sitting room. The storm countinued for two hours. After a period of massive devastation, the storm subsided. Many a day has passed but I can never forget the memory of the stormy night. (Words : 179)

A Picnic I Enjoyed

Last winter I went on a picnic at the National Park, Gazipur with some of my classmates. We were fifteen in number. We hired a microbus earlier. We were all singing inside the micro. At last at about 10 am, we reached the grand spot. After reaching we finished our breakfast. We did not take any cook with us. Two of our classmates took the charge of cooking. I dug a small hole to make a temporary cooker. We all started helping them. At about half past 1 pm, the dish was ready. Everyone felt quite hungry. So, I started serving the prepared food. There were polao, roast, beef, salad etc. We finished our feast and retired to rest for about half an hour. One of our friends recited a great poem of Jibanananda Das. Ripon presented a joke on a voracious eater. Sumon who is a good singer presented two songs of Nazrul. We started for home at 5 pm after taking our tea. We enjoyed the picnic most and it is really a memorable day for me. (Words : 179)

Your Hobby

Hobby is a pleasant pastime. Gardening is my favourite hobby which gives me much pleasure at my leisure. I have a small garden in front of our house. I work there in the morning and evening. I have planted many kinds of flower plants in my garden. I also grow vegetables there. In the morning I water the plants, make the soil loose and weed out the grass of my garden. Every afternoon or evening, I spend half an hour in the garden. I take care of the plants, water them again and also repair the fence if damaged. The rose, the beli, the sheuli, the dahlia etc. grow in my garden. When the flowers bloom, my joys know no bound. On holidays, I work longer in my garden. Sometimes my friends, neighbours and relatives visit my garden. They become very glad to see my garden and appreaciate my work very much. Gardening gives me recreation and amusement. It makes me forget my worries and anxieties. It relieves me from my routine bound work. Thus I get much pleasure from my hobby which is the most valuable thing. (Words : 188)

A Journey By Train I enjoyed

A journey of any kind is a pleasure to me. A journey by train is more so. During the last autumn vacation, my brother who is working in Chittagong asked me to spend a few days with him. I readily agreed and one fine morning I started for Chittagong from Dhaka by Mahanagar Provati at 8 am. Two of my friends accompanied me. However, we bought three tickets in the first class and got into the train. At that time the station was over crowded. Before the departure of the train, we bought papers, magazines, some snacks and drinking water. After a while the train began to move. Gradually, the speed of the train increased and within half an hour our train left behind the city and was running through the green countryside. Paddy and jute fields, small villages and rivers came to our view and vanished within a twinkling of eye. We heartily enjoyed the scenic beauty on both sides of the railway track. However, after long eight hours we reached Chittagong and found my brother waiting for us at the station. Thus I enjoyed the greatest pleasure from this train journey. (Words : 192)

My First Day at College

My first day at college is an unforgettable day in my life. Since my school days, I have heard a lot about college life and cherished a desire to enjoy it. At last the long cherished day came in 2016 when I got myself admitted into Dhaka College. On the first day I started for the college with a feeling of joy and excitement. As soon as I reached the college gate, I was overjoyed to see the beautiful campus and thousands of unknown students crowding the entire area with fun and laughter. However, at last I met a school friend of mine and got relief. He took me to the notice board and I took down my class routine and the room numbers. Then I went to the classroom, took a seat and eagerly waited for the first class to start. I attended all the classes in the routine. During leisure I went to the common room, the college library and I had a feeling of exploration. At the end of my classes I returned home with a happy feeling. It was really a day of observing and experiencing new things. (Words : 192)

My Favourite Sport

Of all the sports and games I like football most. It is my favourite game because it is full of thrill and excitement. Because of its being an international game, it is played all over the world. And as such it is one of the most interesting and entertaining sports of the world. There are some reasons why I like this game most. Firstly it brings about fresh delight and excitement to me. Secondly, it helps to enjoy a sound health and fresh mind. Thirdly, it provides me with a great scope to learn and exercise discipline and importance of cooperation to gain success in life. Next, it teaches me how to abide by the rules and regulations of the game. Since it is a good form of exercise, it makes my body strong and hardy. Further, it teaches me the feeling of brotherhood and team spirit. As it is entertaining, I get fresh entertainment by playing it. I also watch international football matches on TV and enjoy a game as it enthrills both the players and the spectators alike. For all the above reasons I like football the most. (Words : 190)

Our College Library

We are really proud of having a very rich library in our college. Our college library is a great attraction for us. It is said that a library is a store house of knowledge which can help a man to satisfy his desire for knowing the unknown. Our college library has also a very rich collection of books on various subjects namely novels, fictions, story books, poetry books, plays, autobiographies and periodicals- all arranged in a systematic way in our well decorated library. Books on religion and sports are also available here. Our college library is housed on the 2^nd floor of our academic building. Attached to the library there is a well furnished reading room for the students and the teachers. A pin drop silence prevails in the reading room. An efficient and well qualified librarian handles the activities of the library. He is assisted by three peons who are very expert in finding out books to the readers. There exists a calm, quiet and serene atmosphere in our library. Books are issued against library cards. In fact, our college library is a part and parcel of our college life. (Words : 191)

A Zoo I Visited

The Mirpur Zoo located at Mirpur in Dhaka has many attractions for the tourists. A few days back, I along with some of my friends visited the zoo. In the morning, we entered the zoo and spent five hours there. The area of the zoo is about 313 acres and there are about 2500 species of birds and animals. While visiting, we saw many birds and animals. The birds were of different sizes and shapes chirping melodiously in their cages. Peacocks, bulbuls, maynas, magpies were very nice to look at. Then we started visiting the animals. Tigers, lions, giraffe, elephants, monkeys were remarkable. In the morning, all of them were fresh. When we went near to them, they came forward and we watched them closely. During my visit, I enjoyed every minute though many times it occurred in my mind that those birds and animals were not happy in the cages. After passing five hours there, we became very tired and also hungry. We returned home safely. it was a remarkable visit. (Words : 172)

                               Importance of Female Education                             

Female education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. About fifty percent of the total population of our country are female. A country cannot expect her prosperity avoiding this large part of population. But most of the women are lagging far behind in education. The rate of female literacy is about 20%. This rate of female literacy is alarming. Women need to be educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. An educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. Moreover, every woman is a potential mother. Education of a child greatly depends upon its mother. An educated mother would be able to bring up her child properly. In conclusion, we can say that female education is a must for the progress of our country and we should take all necessary steps to encourage female education for the betterment of our country. (Words : 195)

                                                     Facebook                                                    

Facebook is a very popular social networking site which has both advantages and disadvantages. It is a great way to keep in touch with your family and friends that live far away. With instant messaging and even video chat, Facebook is the perfect environment to stay connected. With the status updates, photos and profile information, it can keep us up to date on the happenings of all of our close ones. Facebook makes meeting new people extremely easy. Using Facebook one can express one’s opinion easily. Facebook has some disadvantages too. It is very easy for cyber bullies to thrive. They can harass and gang up on one person. There aren’t moderators that go around monitoring what people say to each other. Besides, teenagers who spend much time on Facebook, will suffer in the long run as their valuable time for study is not used properly. So there is no denying to say that Facebook has a lot of advantages with some disadvantages too. (Words : 164)

                                       My Country/Bangladesh                                      

Bangladesh, my country, is an independent sovereign country. She got her freedom from Pakistan on 16^th December, 1971. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. She is a temperate country-neither too hot nor too cold. She has six seasons – each season covering two Bengali months. The total land area of the country is about 1,47,570 square kilometres with a population of over 160 millions. Around 1800 people live per square kilometre. She is the most densely populated country in the world. She is a plain and fertile land with a large number of rivers and tributaries. The Padma, the Meghna and the Jamuna are her main important rivers. The majority of her population are farmers. Rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane etc are our main crops. Mangoes, jackfruits, coconuts, pineapples etc grow here in plenty. The natural beauty is the main attraction of this country. Bangladesh has three World Heritage Sites declared by the UNESCO. Cox’s Bazar sea beach, Saint Martins island, Rangamati, Jafflong, Sundarbans are some famous tourist spots. She is one of the attractions of the tourists from home and abroad. (Words : 182)

                        Internet/Uses and Abuses of Internet                           

Internet, the latest and most wonderful means of communication, is a computer-based global network system that has created a great revolution in the world. It is the cheapest and fastest means of communication for business and commerce. The information system of the world has become globalized with the magical touch of internet. Like a spider-web the internet has spread its interconnected link with tens, hundreds or even thousands of computers. Internet has brought new opportunities to government, education and business. In the developed countries teachers send every study material and course to every individual student through internet. Pictures, data and many other things also can be sent through internet. However, internet has some bad sides, students get engaged in activities like games, Facebook and YouTube, which hamper their study. The hackers go through personal profiles of others and commit misdeeds. If one wants to use internet, one has to learn how to operate it. Bangladesh, as a developing country does not have access to the internet in all spheres except the banking system and educational institutions. (Words : 176)

International Mother Language Day

International Mother Language Day, popularly known as ‘Shaheed Dibas’ is a red letter day in our history. In 1952, on this day a number of our brave sons laid down their lives for the cause of Bangla language. The UNESCO declared 21^st February as the International Mother Language Day showing respect to the martyrs of our language movement. This declaration has turned a national celebration to an international event. Now the whole world observes the 21^st February as International Mother Language Day. Every year on this day, people from all walks of life come to the martyrs’ monument and offer their respect. They put on black badges on their clothes. Hundreds of people walk bare-footed and gather in front of the Shaheed Minar with flowers and garlands. The government, different organizations and institutions arrange programmes to celebrate the day. Newspapers publish special supplements on this day. It is our national holiday. Schools, colleges and offices remain closed on this day. Our national flag is kept hoisted half-mast on this day. Actually, the day possesses a great significance for the whole nation as well as the whole world. (Words: 188)

Paragraph Writing

My Childhood Memories

My childhood memories are eventful and interesting. I was born in a small village named Hularhat on the bank of the river Kajolia. The village is a place of scenic beauty. I used to pass my childhood days playing with other children. We passed our time playing, flying kites, picking up fruits from trees and so on. My first day at school is one of the most memorable events of my life. One day my father bought me a new dress and took me to school. I could adapt easily with my loving teachers and lovely friends. I could also remember a very sad incident of my childhood. Once I got lost as I followed a group of people who were rendering songs from door to door. I followed that group village after village. When evening approached I realized that I was far away from my home. The place was quite unknown to me. I started crying. Luckily an uncle of mine saw me crying and took me to my home. Now I live in the town and read in a college. Whenever I recall my childhood memories, I feel how nice and interesting those days were. (Words : 197)

English as an International Language

English is the most influential language of the present world. English is the language of the people of England and America. They are the native speakers of English. It is the only international language which is spoken almost all over the world. According to world statistics, about 350 million people speak English as a first language and another 300 million use it as a second language. It is the official or semi-official language in more than 60 countries and of many international organizations. Multinational companies use English to communicate among offices in different countries. International trade and commerce cannot run without English. Moreover, in this present stage of IT revolution, English is a must, to know all the information in the computer. So, if we fail to get a hand in English, we must lag behind in the present competitive world. We need English to get good jobs, to go abroad, to pursue higher studies on science and technology and medicine. So, there is no denying about the influence of English and we cannot keep pace with the modern world if we do not learn English. (Words : 186)

Leisure/Pastimes

People usually spend their leisure doing different activities of their own interest. It is not one’s main occupation but it doesn’t mean wastage of time in idleness. People living in villages and cities spend their leisure differently. Most of the male persons in villages spend their time in tea stalls talking among themselves. Female persons gather in one place, talk frankly and try to help one another. But in cities, people usually watch television. They visit zoos, parks and other remarkable places. Sometimes, people spend their leisures in sports. Rowing boats, swimming, playing and enjoying various games and sports like football, cricket are very much common. Again, using computers, listening to music, attending concert, seminar, gardening are very familiar pastimes. Above all, people of both cities and villages enjoy natural beauties. They come in contact with nature for refreshing their mind. Thus people pass their pastimes doing different kinds of activities of their choice. (Words : 154)

Bangladeshi Culture

Bangladesh has a very old, rich and distinctive cultural heritage. We have our own language, dress, food habit, manner of speaking, mode of behaviour, games and sports, social values and customs, religion, profession, music, art, literature etc. We have songs based on rural and idyllic picture of life. We have folk songs and local jatra-pala. We have our own marital systems based on religious and social rules. We celebrate the Pahela Baishakh as the Bengali New Year’s Day. We take rice and fish as our staple food. The males wear dresses like lungi, shirt and the females wear sari and blouse. We play our own games like Ha-du-du, Gollachhut, Dariabandha, Bowchi, Kanamachhi etc. However, though we have a rich culture of our own, it is now the blending of cultures of other countries especially of India and western countries. Satellite TV channels are playing an important role in engulfing the old tradition and culture of our country. People are being influenced by cultures of other countries in respect of food habit and dress. Thus Bangladeshi culture is being influenced by other cultures. (Words : 182)

Games and Sports

Games and sports play an important role in our life. Games and sports are the finest kind of exercise. Football, cricket, tennis, basketball, swimming, shooting etc. are some common sports. These games help the limbs and muscles of the body to be strong and tidy. It also helps man to be free from anxiety and tension. It helps in building up personality. It predicts whether a man will have a rigid or a flexible personality. It masters qualities like perseverance, co-operation, responsibility, discipline, stamina and obedience. It nurtures international fraternity and makes a country known to the rest of the world. A sportsman can earn a lot of money. It also brings name and celebrity. When a man or woman goes abroad to compete in sports, he or she designates his or her own country there. So, we can say that games and sports build up our body, personal qualities and to earn money as well as name and fame. (Words : 160)

Baishakhi Mela

Baishakhi mela is perhaps the largest and most comprehensive celebration of the arts and culture of Bangladesh. It is held on the 1^st day of the Bangla New Year. The Ramna Batamul is the centre from where the New Year celebration has spread around the city and gradually across the country. Baishakhi mela is generally held in the open place or on the bank of a river or a canal or under a big and old banyan tree. Some fairs are held for a day, some are held for a few days or a month. A huge number of people of different religions gather in the Baishakhi mela. Fancy goods, toys, balloons, flutes, sweets and wooden things are available in the mela. Circus parties and puppet shows are the common features of the mela. It is a matter of pride and pleasure that we celebrate our identity in a true spirit through Baishakhi mela. (Words : 154)

Environment and Ecology

Ecology depends on the relationship among the elements of our environment. Human beings, animals, plants, air, water and soil make up the environment. Again different natural forces such as storms, cyclones and earthquakes and forces are naturally interrelated. The way in which people, animals and plants are related to each other and to their surroundings is known as ecology. It is like a complex web that links animals, plants and every other life form in the biosphere. If this relationship is disturbed in any way, the whole environment will face a destructive change. For example, the destruction of forests may cause drought and other natural disasters. Again the emission of carbon dioxide, cloro-floro carbon creates ecological imbalance. So, it is our duty to prevent the environment from being spoilt. We must plant more trees because trees are very important for the ecological balance. We must save our wild animals, because they are the direct agent of our environment. In conclusion, it can be said that as the elements of our environment are interrelated, we must try to protect our environment to keep the ecology balanced. (Words : 185)

The Grameen Bank

Grameen Bank is a specialized bank which provides loan to the poor and the down trodden to eradicate poverty. Dr Muhammad Yunus is the man who founded and organised this bank. The bank gives loans under very easy terms and conditions. They give money for different projects that help the poor landless people to improve their condition. They give loan for agriculture, poultry farms, micro business, cottage industries or handicrafts. As per rules and regulations of the bank, the poor people interested in taking loans have to make 5-6 groups of workers. Every group should have a leader. They should have a centre there where the bank will work to give loans and receive repayment of loans. Thus the Grameen Bank is functioning in the rural areas to free the country from poverty since its beginning. To acknowledge this contribution, Grameen Bank and Dr Muhammad Yunus have been awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. (Words : 154)

Child Labour in Bangladesh

Though child labour is severely prohibited by law, it is still prevalent in the third world countries like Bangladesh. Child labour refers to the physical labour done by the children from 8 to 18. The condition of these working children is very painful. They are found working in factories or doing household chores as servants. They are also engaged in fields, shops, restaurants etc. They have to grind bricks and stones. They work as street hawkers. Most of the time they become pickpockets. They also work as a bus conductor, helper, boot polisher and the like. Some of the works are sometimes risky for them, like working in the welding factory. Though they have to work a lot, most of the time they are ill paid. Sometimes children working in different houses are tortured severely which hampers their physical and mental health. They are deprived of proper care, food and medical treatment. There is no denying that child labour should be banned and the govt. as well as the people concerned should take necessary steps to create alternative opportunities. (Words : 179)

Dowry System

Dowry system is a shameful culture in our society. The money or property that a bride brings to her husband as a condition of marriage is called dowry. There are several factors behind this bad practice. This practice has actually come from Hindu communities as daughters do not inherit the property of their parents. There is a section of people who have greedy mentality. They think it is their right to claim and have dowry from the guardians of the brides as they have spent a lot for educating the bridgegrooms. In spite of modernisation and increasing role of women in all walks of life, the practice of dowry in Bangladesh is becoming widespread. The system affects the society. It is an unbearable burden for poorer parents. If a bride’s family fails to pay the amount of dowry demanded by the groom’s family, the bride is cruelly treated by the in-laws. The female are also human beings like men. We cannot buy or sell them like commodities. So, our government must formulate a strict law to stop this shameful culture. (Words : 180)

Newspaper

Newspaper is one of the wonders of modern science which carries news and views of home and abroad to us. China is the first country to publish newspaper. The first printed newspaper of this sub-continent was the ‘India Gazette’ which was published in 1774. The Samacher Darpan was the first Bengali newspaper. The Christian missionaries of Sreerampore published it. There are many kinds of newspapers. They are dailies, biweaklies, weeklies, monthlies and even quarterlies. The dailies contain news and views about the daily affairs of the whole world. There are some other papers which are known as periodicals and magazines. They contain literary articles. There are many English and Bengali dailies in our country. They are the Prothom Alo, the Ittefaq, the Inquilab, the Daily Star, the Bangladesh Times etc. Newspaper contains all the happenings relevant and necessary to human society. It has become a part and parcel of our daily life. (Words : 152)

Importance of Reading Newspaper

Reading newspaper is a good habit which provides us to know a lot of essential things of home and abroad. People read these for both pleasure and information. A politician can learn about political situations. An economist and a businessman can be aware of the economy and business. People interested in sports and games can learn about the sports-world. Students can also learn many things from the pages of newspapers that fulfill their thirst for knowledge. The film fans go through the cinema page to get the thrill of the showbiz world. From the advertisement column the job seekers and traders get useful hints and details. In fact, by reading newspapers we can be up-to-date and we need it in order to face the competitive changing world. However, sometimes a newspaper misleads people. Some of the newspapers publish news supporting political parties. Sometimes they write columns to gain benefits from the ruling party. For this, misunderstanding takes place and many unexpected incidents happen. So, we can say that though a newspaper has some disadvantages, it has a lot of advantages too. (Words : 181)

Discipline

Discipline means obeying certain rules and principles in any event or phase of life. It is the most important condition of success in life. Man is a social being. He cannot live alone. He has to live in society and in the state. One cannot do what even one likes. He/she has to abide by some rules and regulations. Maintaining these rules and regulations is known as discipline. Discipline is the root of success in life. It helps men to live in peace and happiness. It forms the basis of all the virtues. Without discipline no one can make progress in life. Starting from personal life to the national or international life discipline is a must everywhere. A mentally disciplined man learns how to think in a systematic way in an orderly manner. A morally disciplined man will not act in a way which is not approved by his society or his religion or moral ideal. Discipline is the most important condition of success in life. It gives some order and system in the activities of life and ultimately takes us to the peak of success. Without discipline nobody can shine and no nation can prosper. (Words : 196)

A Winter Morning

A winter morning is both enjoyable and distressful. It is naturally a very cold morning. There is dense fog all around. Sometimes the fog is so dense that the sun rays can’t get through it. Nothing can be seen even at a little distance. Dew drops fall at night. When the morning sun peeps they look like glittering gold on grasses and leaves. It is pleasant to the rich but curse to the poor. The poor village people and the slum dwellers in cities suffer greatly for want of warm clothes. Farmers have to go to the fields with their materials. The workers of low classes have to go to their workplace in the morning. In the villages, children and old people gather straw and make fires to warm themselves. The old people bask in the sun or warm themselves beside fireplace. In the village market, some people come out to sell ‘date juice’. The scenery of towns is totally different from villages. The people of the town get up from bed a bit late.  They also enjoy the winter morning. Thus a winter morning is not only enjoyable but also distressful to people. (Words : 194) 

A Rainy Day

A rainy day is a day on which it rains in torrents continuously. The day is dull and gloomy. The sky remains cloudy all day long. Sometimes it rains heavily; sometimes it drizzles and sometimes gusts of wind blow. The heavy downpour is associated with roars of thunder, flashes of lightning and stormy wind. Nobody can go out without an umbrella. Rivers, tanks and canals swell up. Roads and paths become muddy and impassable. Many people walk along the road with shoes in hand and clothes folded up. A rainy day is bad for poor people. The day labourers cannot go to work. So they don’t earn any money and may remain unfed. Students enjoy a holiday at home. The rich people who have no urgent work enjoy the day at home. They entertain themselves with rich dishes like bhuna khichuri, polao etc. The rain washes away dirt and dust and makes the soil soft. The farmers can prepare the fields for sowing seeds. Thus, though a rainy day has some negative aspects, it has positive effects too. (Words : 178)

Good Manners

Good manners are the external expressions of one’s inner goodness and education. It is a person’s positive way of behaving towards others. A person is judged by his manners. Good manners enrich the personality of an individual. A well mannered person is liked by most of our people and can prosper in life. Good manners enhance his value and make him a worthy human being. A good mannered man is polite and courteous. He respects the views and opinions of others although they differ from his own. He listens patiently to what others have to say. He neither uses harsh words to others nor does anything that may offend others. An ill mannered man is rude and rough. He has no respect for the feeling of others. He shows bad manners in various ways. A man of unpolished manners is not liked by anyone. Everybody hates him. Good manners make life pleasant, smooth and easy. Good manners do not cost anything but they gain for us love and respect. (Words : 169)

Paragraph Writing

Basic Human Rights

Basic human rights include social rights, civil rights, cultural rights, economic rights, religious rights, political rights and so on. Social rights include the rights to demand no interference in private life, family life or exchange of letters. Political rights include the rights to vote, to take part in the election etc. Civil rights include the rights to marry and have a family, to have equal rights in govt. jobs etc. Cultural rights include the rights to take part in social, cultural activities, to wear dresses according to choice etc. Religious rights include the rights to participate in the religious occasions, to set up mosques, temples etc. Economic rights include the rights to form and join trade unions, to run business concerns etc. Our constitution also provides a man right to food, cloth, shelter, medical treatment, education, employment, freedom of speech. To protect children is one of the greatest human rights. The elderly people have some rights to enjoy in their old age. In fact, in a society a man preserves some rights to live in peace and comfort and these are called basic human rights. (Words : 185)

A Book Fair

A book fair is very important to build up a cultured nation. It is not a very recent origin. In a book fair books of different types and tastes are displayed for show and sale. In the recent years book fair has become a traditional festival in our country. Of the book fairs the ‘Ekushe Boi Mela’ is the most popular and gorgeous. Ekushe Boi Mela, held in the Bangla Academy premises begins on the first day of February and lasts till the end of the month. Elsewhere in the country book fairs are held to uphold the number of book lovers. In a book fair hundreds and thousands of books such as novels, dramas, storybooks, science fictions, books on travel and autobiographies are displayed in different bookstalls. The bookstalls stand in rows and are beautifully decorated. A huge number of book lovers of different tastes and cultures throng in the fair for different purposes. Moreover, poets, writers and a large number of elites of the city visit the fair off and on. However, a book fair spreads and widens our love of reading books and gaining knowledge. (Words : 188)

Celebration of Pahela Baishakh

Bangladesh, being a land of different cultures and traditions, a lot of festivals are held here round the year. Among these festivals Pahela Baishakh appears to be a unique and distinctive festival to the people of all classes and religions in Bangladesh. It is celebrated on the first day of Bengali New Year. The main event of the day is to open ‘Halkhata’ or new accounts book by traders and businessmen. The traditional events of Pahela Baishakh include Panta-Hilsa, Baishakhi-mela, Bali-Khela, Merry-go-round, puppet show etc. These events are held both in rural and urban areas. In urban areas different socio-cultural organizations arrange special cultural functions to celebrate the day. In Dhaka, Chhayanata opens the day at the Ramna Batamul in the early hours of the day being attended by hundreds and thousands of people from all sections of the society. Besides, Bangla Academy, IFA of Dhaka University and many other cultural organisations welcome the day in a great festive and joyous mood. Pahela Baishakh reminds us our customs and traditions, our history and heritage. (Words : 174)

Celebration of Eid-ul-Fitr

Eid-ul-Fitr, one of the greatest Muslim festivals is celebrated with great enthusiasm and entertainment all over the world. It comes after a month-long fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. As an essential element of Islam, the month long fasting prohibits all wrong, inhuman and harmful acts. Falsehood, wrong doing, creating indiscipline and anarchy in society and all kinds of deceptions are sin in the eye of Islam. And the glorious month of Ramadan comes to the Muslims as the month of self-judgement and purification. Eid is also a communion of souls and the occasion for thanks giving to the Almighty Allah. Eid is certainly an occasion for joy by the pious Muslims who follow the commandants of Allah during the Holy Ramadan. On this day the Muslims take bath early in the morning, put on new dresses and use ‘ator’ before going to the Eidgah for offering congregational prayer. After prayer, the Muslims embrace one another and exchange Eid greetings. On the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr, the Muslims should pledge to establish an exploitation free society on the basis of religious values. Eid-ul-Fitr teaches the Muslims how to make worldly and spiritual life enriched. (Words : 194)

A Moonlit Night

A moonlit night is a great pleasure and source of recreation for the people of almost all ages, tastes and temperaments. The night in which the moon shines brightly in the cloudless clear sky is generally known as a moonlit night. It comes to us with all her stimulation and magnificent beauty. The moon then looks like a disk of dazzling silver and bathes the nature with her pleasant light. The water of rivers, canals and tanks seem to smile on this moonlit night. The whole nature wears a bright and charming look. It soothes our eyes and refreshes our minds. Both the city and the village dwellers enjoy the night gossiping, walking here and there. Children greatly enjoy the night playing. There are plenty of poems, songs, stories, fairy tales about moonlit nights. Again some birds and beasts come out leaving their nestling place to relish the beauty of the night. In fine, a moonlit night is a nice gift of nature and it spell bounds all through its loveliness. (Words : 171)

Kitchen Garden

A family is greatly benefited by making a kitchen garden very close to its homestead. A kitchen garden supplies different types of vegetables and fruits to the family for consumption. Generally, each and every house in the rural areas of our country possesses a kitchen garden for family use and for sale. A kitchen garden lies within the boundaries of the family. It may be big or small. A strong fence around the garden protects the vegetables and fruits from being damaged by animals and naughty boys. Some kitchen gardens have flower gardens attached to it increasing the beauty of the house. The owners of the kitchen garden needs to be careful and cautious about the cultivation, growth and preservation of vegetables, fruits and flowers. Vegetables and fruits feed the owners of the garden while flowers enhance the beauty for their satisfaction. In fact, the vegetables grown in the kitchen garden provide people with necessary vitamins and also save money necessary for buying them. Besides, working in the garden gives a chance for proper physical exercise and also mental peace and satisfaction. (Words : 182)

SIDR

SIDR, a destructive natural calamity, had a devastating effect on human and animal lives including the damage of trees, crops and houses. SIDR is the name of a cyclone. SIDR means eye according to the climatologists, it is so named because the centre of the cyclone looks like human’s eyes. On November 15 in 2007, SIDR attacked the southern coastal areas of Bangladesh with all its fury. It hit the main land with a great velocity up to 280 kilometres per hour and tidal surge of 20 to 25 feet high killing more than ten thousand people. Thousands of domestic animals, birds, trees, houses, crops and cultivated lands were destroyed. Millions of people lost their belongings and became shelterless. Over 8000 educational institutions have been fully or partially destroyed hampering educational activities of nearly 7,50,000 students. Along with all these, almost one third of the Sundarbans, a World Heritage Site, has been totally demolished. Of course, the government took necessary measures timely to save the people. They alarmed the people early and made a lot of shelters which saved the people from further damage. (Words : 185)

Usefulness of E-mail

E-mail or Electronic mail is one of the many modern devices of communication of textual message via electronic means. A personal computer, a modem and a telephone connection are needed for E-mail. This is not only a quick, easy and relatively cheap way to keep in touch with family and friends, it has also become an essential tool of business. E-mail has many advantages or usefulness. Firstly, it reduces the use of paper in offices and business concerns. Internal memos and reports can be exchanged electronically without using paper. Secondly, being a personal communication, E-mail turns out to be a cheaper alternative to telephone conversation. Thirdly, it eliminates the time spent in establishing phone calls. Fourthly, it permits communication between two individuals or parties without the parties actually being present simultaneously. Next, privacy is ensured as the mail is delivered to an individual mail box. Moreover, it becomes very easy to transfer important files, documents and photos etc instantly without physically going to anywhere. So, e-mail service is an important service of our modern communication. It maintains our private, social and official network in a powerful and effective way. (Words : 189)

Life of a Beggar

Begging, which is a social vice, is most disreputable. A person who lives on the charity of others for his/her livelihood is regarded as a burden to the society. Begging does not do any good for society rather spoil the image and prestige of the person involved in begging. There are many causes behind begging. Poverty is the main cause that leads a person to take up begging as a source of living. Disableness like blindness, deafness, dumbness or some other disorders in the body are also some reasons for begging. Of course, sometimes many able bodied persons are seen begging in the streets. So it is not only poverty but also mentality which is responsible for this problem. A beggar is mostly found in the streets and roads of towns and in the market places of villages. He puts on dirty ragged clothes with patches all over it. He has a begging bowl and holds it out to the passer-by with a piteous appeal. He lives a distressed life and is looked down upon as a nuisance. Poverty alleviation programme, employment facilities, education, free treatment for some diseases can remove this problem from society. (Words : 195) 

Paragraph Writing

Role of Intellectuals

Being the highly educated section of the people of a country, the intellectuals represent the conscience of a nation. They are thought to be the think tank of a nation. So, obviously they are expected to play some important roles in the present situation of our country. Firstly, as the guardian class of the country, they should give counsel and direction to the country and the country men. Secondly, they should actively take part in nation building activities; especially they should work for the economic emancipation of the nation. They should be bold enough to criticize what is bad and help to promote the national plans and politics of the country. Thirdly, the intellectuals should have a role to reform the society and to curb out all sorts of evils. Finally, they should have also a role to build up public opinion against all sorts of injustice and corruption. Of course, politically motivated intellectuals sometimes try to mislead the people which is most disrespectful. However, the true intellectuals play a vital role to lead the country towards the path of peace, harmony and prosperity. (Words : 184)

Gender Equality

Gender equality does not imply that men and women are the same, but they have equal value and should be given equal treatment. According to the United Nations, gender equality is regarded the first and foremost human right. All– men and women are equal in the eye of the Creator.  So there should be no discrimination between them. Empowering women is an indispensable tool for advancing development and reducing poverty in a country. Empowered women contribute a lot to the health, sanitation and productivity of the families and communities as well as to improve prospects for the next generation. Therefore, gender equality is important not only for the women but also for the society as a whole. Gender discrimination prevails more or less everywhere around the world. From family to national level it exists as a social phenomenon. In Bangladesh, men basically dominate the family and the society and make decision in the family matters. Women are kept aloof from making any kind of decision. To bring in gender equality, we all should come forward to make the people aware of the equal status of the women. (Words : 187)

Tree/Tree Plantation

Since the dawn of civilization man has a close relation with nature. Man has made friendship with trees. As such, trees play an important role in our life and economy. Planting trees is a noble work as trees and plants supply oxygen, the most vital thing for our survival. Besides, they are a great source of food and vitamins. Trees also provide us with fruits, flowers and timber for furniture. They give shade and shelter to many people. They make the land fertile and save land from erosion. They attract rains, prevent drought, control flood and maintain ecological balance. Nowadays, Bangladesh has been facing drought, excessive rainfall and floods because of tremendous shortage of her forests. We should therefore, make it a point to plant more trees than we cut down. Plenty of seedlings and saplings need to be planted on both sides of roads and in the unused barren lands around our houses. It is impossible to describe the importance and uses of trees in words. They are a part and parcel of our day to day life. In fine, tree plantation is necessary for the maintenance of ecological balance. (Words : 191)

Our Liberation War

Our liberation war is a memorable event in the history of Bangladesh. After a nine-month long war with the occupying Pakistani forces, Bangladesh emerged as an independent sovereign state in the world map on 16^th December, 1971. After the departure of the British from this sub-continent in 1947, the Pakistanis exploited this part of Pakistan economically, socially, politically and above all militarily. The heroic sons of the soil could no longer tolerate this exploitation and they being inspired by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman rose in arms against the Pak military junta on 26 March, 1971. Prior to that Bangabandhu made a clarion call to the people and declared the independence of Bangladesh on 26 March, 1971. In the war lacs of people were brutally killed, hundreds and thousands of women were raped or killed. The youths along with people from different strata sacrificed their lives for the cause of independent Bangladesh. They fought face to face with the Pak army under the banner of Mukti Bahini and at last the sun of independence rose on the 16^th December, 1971. The day has become a red letter day in the lives of the Bangladeshis. (Words : 195)

Bonsai

Bonsai is a special type of pot-planting. It is the art of growing trees and plants in small containers in such a way that it becomes the miniature of a real tree. The art of Bonsai originated perhaps more than 1000 years ago in China. Both Chinese and Japanese aristocrats are responsible for its development. Bonsai containers have holes in the bottom covered with small nets to prevent the soil from flowing out with the water. At first the plant is taken out of its original pot and one-third of its root is cut off. It is then tied to the bottom of the pot with wires. Then soil is spread over it to cover the container. But about half an inch of the root is allowed to stay above the soil to enhance its beauty. The soft branches of the plant are coiled with wires. A Bonsai plant grows to a height as the planter wants it to grow. Almost all bushy plants can be grown as Bonsai. At present Bonsai is not only an interesting pastime but also a source of money making. (Words : 185)

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Bangla New Year

Bangla New Year is a traditional festival in the life of the Bangladeshis as well as the Bangla speaking people all over the world. Pahela Baishakh is the first day of the Bangla New Year. The most important feature of the day is the opening of Halkhata by the traders and shopkeepers both in the rural and urban areas. People of all ages and religions welcome the day wearing new dresses. The traders and shopkeepers entertain their clients and customers with sweets and other foods. The village people arrange Baishakhi Mela at different places and enjoy them whole heartedly. On the other hand, the urban people celebrate this day with great enthusiasm wearing colourful dresses and attending different cultural functions including fairs, circus shows, and merry-go-rounds etc. In the capital city the day begins with the celebration of a musical performance welcoming the Bangla New Year by Chhayanata, a leading cultural organization of the country. Above all, the institute of Fine Arts of Dhaka University welcomes the day bringing out a colourful procession wearing masks of different shapes and sizes. Thus the day comes to the life of every Bangladeshi with pleasure and happiness. (Words : 196)

Street Children

Street Children or street urchins are familiar figures in the streets of a third world country like Bangladesh. Most of them are the abandoned children of their parents. They are rootless. These are floating children of a country. They do not know about the whereabouts of their parents, their place and date of birth. Many of them are orphans. Generally they earn their livelihood by begging, stealing, cheating, selling flowers and doing the job of the wage earners. But sometimes some poor parents make their children work in the streets. These street children live in the dirty slums, on the roadside pavements without any protection against rough weather. They sleep under the open sky. They also work as garbage collectors, porters and rickshaw pullers. Sometimes they beg for food. They are deprived of education, health care and nutrition. Though they are abandoned children, they are human beings. They are the to be citizens of our country. They have some basic rights to live, to enjoy, to survive in peace and to receive education. The government and the people in general should do something so that these helpless and homeless children can taste the sweetness of life. (Words : 196)

Elderly People

The old and seasoned section of our society are known as elderly people. Human beings are born as babies in this beautiful world. After passing through different stages of life namely infancy, childhood, youth, adulthood, they become old and are treated as elderly people of a family and the society. During their lifetime they play several important and vital roles that are helpful for the next generation. Their long experience, wisdom and untiring efforts are a milestone for the people of the future generation. They were the strength of our civilization. In every area of our society, there are lots of elderly people. We all should help them, provide them with free living and medical treatment cost. We should provide them with all kinds of human rights. For their recreation and reminiscence, we should establish an Old Home for them so that they do not feel desolate. We should extend our helping hands towards the elderly people whenever and wherever they need. We can also include them in our working opportunity. Social awareness can be raised for the old. The government should also come forward to improve their lot. (Words : 189)

Extended Family

An extended family consisting of parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, brothers and sisters has both advantages and disadvantages. In the past, this type of family was prevalent in our country. But at present extended family system is breaking into nuclear ones. Extended family can also be called a joint family. In an extended family each and every member has to play his/her role well in order to run the family smoothly. In an extended family everybody gets others company. If anybody becomes sick or remains busy with some pre occupations, others come to nurse or assist him/ her. It is a family where all members share each others feelings and activities. The elderly members always guide the family. In an extended family nobody feels that he/ she is alone. Here, everybody is for everybody. But there are some disadvantages also. Privacy cannot be maintained here. Nobody has any scope to decide any problem or anything in his/ her own way. Here nobody feels lonely and sharing of each others feelings and activities gives enjoyment to all. There is always din and bustle in the family and a chaotic condition prevails in the family. (Words : 193)

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Good Health

Good health is a prerequisite to lead a better and healthier life. People with good health enjoy the soundness of both mental and physical health. They remain fit, active and free from diseases. A student who possesses a good health can pay full attention to studies. He can learn his lessons regularly and do well in the examination. On the other hand, if a student does not possess a good health, he cannot pay attention to studies. He cannot learn his lessons regularly and cannot do well in the examination. A healthy man can work for long hours and regularly. He can support himself and his family well. An unhealthy man cannot work for long hours. Even he cannot work regularly. He cannot support himself and his family well. Besides, an unhealthy man cannot eat what he likes. He cannot have a sound sleep at night. It is said that a healthy poor man is happier than a sick moneyed man. So, if we want to live a happy life, we should try to keep in good health. (Words : 178)

Patriotism

Patriotism, an inherent quality in a man, is one of the noblest virtues. It means love for and devotion to one’s country. It inspires a man to do everything just and fair for the well-being of the country. Love for one’s own country purifies one’s mind, removes the narrowness of heart and helps one to be selflessly inspired. Patriotic zeal makes a man dutiful, energetic and enthusiastic. Patriotism teaches a man fellow feeling, fraternity and love and sympathy for countrymen. A patriot does not hesitate even to sacrifice his own life for the cause of his country. A true patriot is a selfless lover of his country. So, he is praised and honoured by his countrymen. On the other hand, an unpatriotic man is self-centred. So, he is hated by all. He may have high titles, immense wealth, high social prestige and noble birth, but despite his worldly achievements, he remains a worthless person. An unpatriotic man dies a double death. On the contrary, a patriot is immortal and remains in the hearts of the people for ever. Isa Khan, Titumir, Tipu Sultan, Khudiram, Surja Sen, Pritilata set up glaring examples of patriotism in this sub-continent. (Words : 196)

National Flag

A national flag is the symbol of independence and sovereignty of a free country. Bangladesh has also a national flag. Bangladesh got this flag on December 16, 1971 after a nine-month long valiant struggle of our heroic freedom fighters with the occupying Pakistani army. The flag is rectangular in size having a proportion of 10 : 6. There are two colours in our national flag – bottle green and red. The green colour of our flag stands for everlasting youth, freshness and vigour of the nation. It also symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh. The deep red round colour part symbolizes the rising sun of independence. It also stands for the supreme sacrifices of our heroic freedom fighters who laid down their lives for the cause of their motherland. The flag is hoisted everyday on top of government buildings, educational institutions and offices. It is hoisted everywhere on the Independence Day and the Victory Day. Besides, it is hoisted half mast on national and international mourning days. Whenever we see our national flag flying, our mind is filled with joy and hearts swell in pride. (Words : 184)

Early Rising

The habit of early rising provides a lot of benefits to the early riser. It is of special use to a man in various ways. It is essential for maintaining good health. Firstly, an early riser can take some exercises daily or a walk in the morning fresh air by the river side or in the open field. The morning air full of oxygen refreshes his body and mind. Secondly, he can enjoy the calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. Thirdly, he can enjoy the beauty of nature full of colourful flowers, green fields and the chirping of birds. All these make an early riser cheerful and healthy. Fourthly, he can start his daily work earlier without any worry or haste. Thus he gets enough time to work, earn more and become wealthy. The habit of early rising reminds everybody of the Creator and one feels like praying to God. Thus he becomes wise. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health, wealth and wisdom. (Words : 167)

Physical Exercise

Physical exercise, which is very essential for keeping good health, has many advantages. It helps our body to remain active and fit. Though there are different forms of exercise, all forms are not suitable for people of all ages. Walking is the only form of physical exercise that suits people of all classes and ages. The importance of physical exercise is very great in our practical life. It helps us to build a sound body. And a sound mind lives in a sound body. Physical exercise also helps us to keep away from diseases. It keeps the limbs of our body in a perfect condition. It makes our muscles strong and body active. Moreover, it helps the proper circulation of blood and improves digestion of food. It is also necessary to build a healthy nation. Healthy children are the healthy citizens of the future. Everybody should take physical exercise regularly following the rules and according to age and condition of the body. But excess of physical exercise is harmful for health. In fine, physical exercise gives us a feeling of joy and happiness. (Words : 183)

Punctuality

Punctuality means to do the duty in its proper time. It is the mark of civilized and cultured people. It is the habit of doing things in correct time. Doing things in time, thus, saves us from unnecessary troubles. Our life is short but art is long. So we have to do a lot of works within a limited time. If we perform our duty in proper time, we can do many things. But if we leave today’s work for tomorrow, it may so happen that we may not have time to do it and suffer in the long run. There are many advantages of punctuality. It gives discipline to life. Next, it dispels laziness and removes our take it-easy-attitude. A disciplined person always gets recognition and social acceptance. Therefore, punctuality can make us socially acceptable people. It provides ample time to do our work correctly and properly. Doing things hurriedly or haphazardly can have disastrous effects. Punctuality is the precondition of being fully successful in life. Want of punctuality reveals want of culture. All of us are not born with the virtue of punctuality. Only constant, vigilant practice can implant this virtue. (Words : 193)

Food Habits of Bangladeshi People

Food habits refer to the habits or practices of taking food of the people of a particular society or a country. These habits differ from one society or country to another. In Bangladesh, different people like different kinds of foods according to their own choice and taste. But the eating habits of the people are almost the same. The Bangladeshi people have some special food habits. Rice with dal and fish is our most common and favourite food. Khichuri is another popular food item of the Bangladeshis. Besides, the Bangladeshis are also fond of meat. Moreover, pithas of different kinds and shapes and payesh are also liked very much by them. People also eat wheat, potatoes, other seasonal vegetables, eggs, bread and all sorts of local fruits according to their taste. People occasionally eat polao, biryani, chicken roast, mutton or beef curry. Most families in Bangladesh have three meals a day- breakfast, lunch and dinner. Old people take our traditional foods. But many young people are getting used to Chinese and western fast foods day by day. Now it is time we have to bring some changes in our food habits. (Words : 190)

Early/Premature Marriage

There are many reasons behind premature marriage in Bangladesh. The persons who get premature marriage suffer a lot in the long run. People especially in the rural areas tend to marry their sons and daughters off earlier than the expected time. Marrying at such a premature age, boys suffer a lot because they have to work hard to run a family. On the other hand, girls suffer even more because they have to risk their lives during premature child birth. Yet the parents of sons marry them off to get dowry from the in-laws. Girls’ parents are often prejudiced against education. Some of them even think that girls are born to serve their in-laws. Thus the premature marriage creates a lot of problems in the society. Lack of education and lack of moral values are the two causes of premature marriage. So, to curb this evil act from our society both the government and the general people should come forward. Last but not the least, raising social awareness can play the key role towards curbing this evil act. (Words : 178)

Unfair Means in the Examination

unfair means in the examination is a barrier to proper education. But, it is a great regret that many students adopt unfair means in the examination. As a student, I greatly oppose this disgraceful task because its effect is terrible in one’s future life. Education in student life indicates a gradual development which makes one capable of facing the coming challenges of one’s life. But, copying creates a non-skilled manpower and instigates corruption. Students adopt unfair means for various reasons. In some cases, our educational curriculum is yet based on memorization and students do not try for creativity. They try to memorize. When they fail to do that, they start copying in the examination. Many teachers spend more time to private tuition than to teach in classes. Besides, guardians are not careful about the proper schooling of their children. In fine, it can be said that unfair means in the examination is a great hindrance to proper education. (Words : 158)

Social Values

Social values refer to customs, beliefs, social practices and norms (Av`k©), behavioural patterns and attitude of a particular social community. Social values shape the life of a person to a great extent. They differ from society to society. In the past, people were very much strict about maintaining social values. Obedience and respect for the elders were predominant in our society. Honesty, sincerity, truthfulness, sympathy, fellow feeling were also considered to be social values. But all these are now changing. Today, because of scientific and technological development, people are getting educated. All these have lasting influence on their ideas, beliefs and tradition. Besides, due to economic class-divide, there is deprivation and unrest in society, and it leads some people throw away their moral values. Nowadays people have no fellow feelings, they are becoming self-centred and getting involved in anti social activities, addicted to drugs etc because of social degradation. If it continues, worsen days are ahead of us. To avoid such an incongenial situation, everybody should be careful to preserve social values. (Words : 172)

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Gender Discrimination

Gender discrimination refers to the difference between male and female in respect of enjoying human rights. In Bangladesh, this evil practice is found in almost all sectors of life. Some parents possess a negative attitude towards girl children. They usually expect boy children. So, when a girl is born, she is not welcomed by her parents. Thus this discriminatory treatment begins from the very moment of birth. There are many families where girls and boys do not get equal treatment from their parents. It is seen that sisters are given less food as compared to their brothers. Even they are given less costly dress. Many parents do not send their female children to school because they think that it is a waste of money to spend for girls. Besides, many parents marry their daughters off quite earlier. Moreover, girls are not usually allowed to go out of home without the parents’ permission and male escort. Thus, they grow up in a kind of confinement within four walls. Finally, we can say that females are facing discrimination everywhere in life and we should create awareness among people to free our society from this curse. (Words : 193)

Micro Credit Institution

Micro credit is a finance system for the massive poverty stricken people to eradicate poverty through developing skills and raising consciousness among them. It has earned international recognition. It has positive impact on economic variables. It lends money to the poor, helpless and homeless especially rural women without any property, land or human security. The women take loans and engage themselves in poultry farming, cattle rearing, knitting, wearing, small business etc. They return the amount in a daily or weekly basis installment. Thus they become self-reliant and come out of the vicious circle of poverty. This helps the economic emergence of the fallen and neglected poor people living in the grass level. Now, many impoverished people are eating three square meals instead of one square meal. It is professor Dr Muhammad Yunus who introduced this system successfully. To acknowledge this contribution, Grameen Bank and Dr Muhammad Yunus have been awarded Nobel Peace Prize. Though Grammeen Bank was the first to introduce it, many NGO’s are now following the concept. Many other developed countries have also launched the system in their countries. (Words : 181)

Digital Bangladesh

‘Digital Bangladesh’ means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on line and where all possible tasks of the government and other non-government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The benefits of Digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh, corruption will be absolutely eradicated. It will save people’s time and money and will make people more enterprising. It will connect people with the whole world economically, politically, socially, academically and even culturally. It will modernize banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health, education, commerce-all these sectors will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a digital one. The government has to take certain initiatives for implementing this dream. First of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be ensured. We have to develop computer network infrastructures throughout the country. We also have to train our people to acquire ICT skill and ensure equitable access to digital governance services by all strata of the society. It will be no exaggeration if we say that the implementation of a digital Bangladesh can help our country make progress in all sectors by leaps and bounds. (Words : 191)

Democracy

Democracy is a system of government where people are the source of all power. People can elect their representative and help them to form government. On the contrary, they can also reject them if they feel it necessary. Here people can enjoy almost all the civic rights and privileges. They have freedom of speech. They can expose their views through different mass media like radio, television, newspaper. Besides, equality, justice and accountability are some important merits of this government system. But there are some specific defects in democracy. Here importance is put not on the quality but on the number. However, democracy is now regarded to be the best system of government. But to have the taste of this best system, some conditions must be fulfilled. The most important condition for the success of democracy is universal education. According to John Stuart Mill – “Universal Education must precede universal suffrage.” On the other hand, equality in every sphere of life, tolerance, brotherhood etc. are vital conditions for successful democracy. In fact, democracy is a system of government in which every citizen has a share. (Words : 184)

Waste Management

Waste means things that we no more need and that we usually throw away. There are various types of rubbish like kitchen waste, vegetable waste, plastic and metal waste etc. We can manage these wastes by adopting several procedures. It is quite unwise to throw away our left over vegetables because they then pollute our environment. Besides, we can bury the domestic waste in the courtyard if there is sufficient place for it. These wastes will rot in the ground and will become a good manure. If we burn polythene bags, plastics and other synthetic materials, they will produce much smoke in the air, which is very harmful to human health. So we should keep them in a pile in a safe place so that they do not create any problem for us. But it is wise not to use polythene bags and other synthetics that do not rot and mix with soil. Moreover, we can keep pieces of broken glass, pin, steel, iron, silver etc in a safe place and sell them for recycling. Thus by following some measures we can manage our wastes and keep our environment clean and healthy. (Words : 192)

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Globalisation

Globalisation has become a buzzword in the new era of international relations. Basically, it is a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless market. But it has had a far reaching effect on many aspects of life. It is now largely based on a strong technological foundation. The electronic transfer of information via the internet has now created a 24 hour trading network. This modern information technology has largely changed banking and financial activities. In fact, globalisation has been a result of improved communication. In this regard, media channels are playing the most vital role. As the young generations are more exposed to these channels, the impact of social values of different countries falls on them. They are also learning many things of the developed countries and are becoming ambitious and hopeful about life. The people of the developing countries are getting employments or jobs in the developed countries. We can hope that the gap between the rich and the poor will come to an end in near future. Thus the people of the entire world will be the inhabitants of a happy global village. (Words : 192)

                                       Village Life and City Life                                      

Though man is living now both in villages and cities, there are some differences between the two ways of life. The development of the country depends both on the development of the cities and the villages. If the cities produce something, the villages supply them with the raw materials. In the cities, life is busy and competitive, and people live in polluted environment. But the environment of the villages is very fresh and hygienic. Modern facilities are available in the cities, whereas most of the villagers are bereft of modern facilities. Proper medical treatment and higher educational institutions are available in cities. In the cities, people lead a very artificial life in the big buildings. But in the villages, one can lead a simple life in the lap of nature. The villagers can enjoy natural beauties while the city-dwellers can appreciate the beauties of architecture. Their art and culture are also different. So village life and city life have many points of difference. (Words : 163)

Family Life and Hostel Life

Though as a social being, man lives in families, he is forced to live away from his family either in messes or in hostels. There are advantages and disadvantages in both ways of life. A hostel life is completely devoid of parental love and guidance that are available in the family life. In hostel life a student has to manage everything by himself and learn how to cope with the realities of life. But in a family, parents try to bring up their children in accordance with their wishes and ideology. In hostel life, one gets complete liberty, which often may cause havoc. If one is not conscious of one’s time and responsibility he can easily be gone astray. Reckless students need complete familial control and guidance. In hostel life, a student gets ample time to read and learn and he can easily take others’ help which are not available in a family life. A careful and conscious person can easily do well either living in a family or in a hostel. (Words : 172)

The Sunrise and the Sunset Scenes

The sunrise and the sunset scenes have found their place in many literary and artistic works. These have always amazed the dreamers and thoughtful people since the primitive period till the modern era. There are many similarities between the scenes of the sunrise and the sunset. The sunrise scene marks the beginning of the day. It means it occurs at an extremity of the day. The sunset occurs at the end of a day. In a clear morning, the sun looks red in the horizon. Even before it appears above the tree-line, the whole eastern sky becomes tinged with a vermillion red colour. At sunset, in the western sky, also the same appearance of nature takes place. In the sunrise scene, birds fly in flocks and cross the red-coloured sky. They look wonderful against a red background. The same scene can be seen at sunset. There may be many other aspects of the scenes which are similar. (Words : 157)

Technical Education and General Education

Education is the backbone of a nation. Hence the purpose of education is to enlighten a person. And educated and enlightened persons are an asset to a nation. In this respect, both general education and technical education play important and vital roles in the development of the nation. General education usually makes a man highly educated. But this type of education often fails to establish a man in his life. And it does not make a man specialized. As a result, a number of highly educated persons remain unemployed and become a burden of the society and the country. On the other hand, a man having technical education, can somehow manage a job and become self reliant. General education is not job oriented. This is why, many people having MBBS and Engineering degrees are seen working in banks and commercial institutions. Conversely technical education is job oriented. So, it ensures getting a job in the respective fields. Anyhow technical education should be made compulsory for all. On the contrary, general education should be only for the selected persons. In our socio-economic condition, technical education is inevitable. (Words : 186)

Cell phone and Land phone

Both cell phone and land phone have the same purpose and they both work in the same way. But they have many differences as well. For example, a cell phone has to have at least six service bars in order to talk and the battery has to be charged before it works. On the other hand, a land phone is a hard wired phone that has to be installed through wiring within the home and can be used anywhere within the home being maintained by telephone servicemen. Someone can leave a message with the cell phone and the receiver will get it right on the phone. On the contrary, one has to have an answering machine on a land phone. A cell phone can be programmed for special rings but a land phone has only one ringtone. A cell phone is much smaller in shape and size than a land phone. In spite of having many differences, they have some similarities too. They both have ringtones and tell one about an incoming call. Although they have different appearances and gadgets, they both serve the same purpose. (Words : 185)

Football and Cricket

Both football and cricket are outdoor games and give recreation and merriment to the spectators. Each game has its own characteristics and taste. Both of these games are held between two teams consisting of eleven players. But there are three extra players in football whereas only one player is extra in cricket. Football is a short time game. On the other hand, cricket is time consuming. Football is played with a football. On the contrary, cricket is played with a ball and bats. A football match is conducted by a referee in the middle of the field with two assistant referees in the side lines. On the other hand, a cricket match is run by two main umpires in the field and a third umpire known as the TV umpire. There is a goal keeper in a football match, whereas there is a wicket keeper in a cricket match. There are two goalposts at two opposite ends but there are two sets of stamps and bails. In spite of having some differences between the two games, their purposes are entertaining and teaching discipline, punctuality and tolerance. (Words : 187)

          Road Accident/Causes and Effects of Road Accident [DB ’17; RB ’16]

A road accident is the most vulnerable, unexpected, intolerable incident in human life. Nowadays, Bangladesh becomes one of the most accident prone countries where generally, this incident happens mostly. It generally takes place on High Ways where all the vehicles are always in a hurry. Road accidents cause unexpected incidents but if we find the reasons of this, then, at first the ignorance of traffic rules is found. Always we ignore the traffic rules as if we loved to do it and it causes accident. Besides these, there are some other reasons. As roads are not wide and good, most of the vehicles are nearly damaged but they are on road, the drivers are not well trained and not sincere to their duty etc. Because of these above mentioned reasons, road accident is usually happened. These all are known to us but we do not care for it. Due to such accidents, people lose their lives. To solve the problem, some attempts should be taken by government and individuals. Traffic rules should be made strict. People must be made aware of traffic rules. (Words : 183)

                                             Drug Addiction                                                 

Drug addiction, a curse in modern age leads to an untimely miserable death of the addicts. Drug addiction is the habit of using non-prescribed medicine for exciting feelings. Opium, hemp, heroine, morphine, yaba, phensidyl etc. are the main drugs taken in our country. There are a great variety of reasons behind drug addiction. Frustration due to unemployment, political anarchy, lack of family ties and lack of love and affection is the main cause of drug addiction. Drugs create some kind of dreamlike feelings and the drug-takers forget everything for some moments and live in a world of hallucination. Drug addiction causes a lot of harms not only to the addicts but also to the society and nation as a whole. Drugs tell upon the human body terribly. The addicts feel drowsy and their nervous system gradually becomes weak causing damage to their brain which leads to decay and death. When the addicts fail to arrange money for buying drugs, they commit various kinds of social crimes and become dependent on others. Both the government and non-government agencies including the parents may cure the addicts and help them to live a happy and peaceful life in the society. (Words : 197)

                                            Food Adulteration                                           

Food adulteration means making food or drink less pure by adding or mixing another substance to it. Nowadays foods are often adulterated. In hotels and restaurants stale and rotten foods are mixed with fresh food and served to the customers. Fish and vegetables are adulterated by putting on them chemicals and other preservatives in order to make them look fresh. Bakery and confectionery products are also prepared by using toxic substances and thus they get adulterated. Junk food contains harmful chemicals. Even fruits, milk and beverages are adulterated. In fact all kinds of foods and food articles are adulterated by dishonest and greedy businessmen and shop keepers for quick and unearned profit. Adulterated foods are a serious health hazard. They cause many fatal diseases and even death. Public awareness should be created so that they become careful about buying foods and food articles. Besides, the criminals have to be identified and punished. The relevant department of the government should remain ever vigilant against food adulteration and gear up their activities. (Words : 170)

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                                               Water Pollution                                              

Water, one of the ingredients of life, is being polluted by many ways. And it is men who are greatly responsible for water pollution. Man pollutes water by throwing different wastes into rivers, canals and ditches. Farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields to grow more food. When these chemicals and insecticides get mixed with rain water, it causes water pollution. Mills and factories throw away their waste materials and toxic wastes into the rivers and canals and cause water pollution. Steamers, launches and boats also pollute water by throwing oil, food and human waste into the rivers and canals. Moreover, unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of ditches, canals and rivers also pollute water. Furthermore, Kutcha drains running into the canals and rivers cause water pollution. Clean water is safe for use but polluted water is harmful for man. Water pollution can be prevented in many ways. Various kinds of fatal diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera including water borne diseases are the effects of water pollution. Water pollution always threatens the existence of human lives on earth. (Words : 183)

Environment Pollution

Environmental pollution has become a serious problem nowadays. With the advancement of civilization and industrial sectors, pollution has increased to a great extent. People are cutting trees for making brick, melting pitch etc. for road construction. As a result, air is being polluted. Again various motor vehicles, power houses, industries etc. emit smoke and pollute air. Water and soil are also polluted, Farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. They are ultimately getting mixed with water of various sources. Besides, water vehicles and insanitary hanging latrines on rivers are also polluting water seriously. Abandoned garbage and human waste here and there cause odour pollution. Thus we see that all vital elements of our environment are losing their freshness and increasingly polluting our environment. The effect of environment pollution is very serious. It causes different diseases destroying the ecological balance. Now people are very concerned about the ever increasing environment pollution as a threat to our existence. (Words : 158)

Deforestation

Deforestation, a threat to our environment is caused from various reasons for which men are responsible. Deforestation means cutting down trees or destruction of trees at random. Our population is increasing at a high rate and this additional population requires more land for settlement and agricultural cultivation. We need more roads, bridges, educational institutions, hospitals and many other institutions to serve innumerable purposes. As a result, land for trees and forests are getting decreased day by day. People are also destroying trees for cooking food, making fires, melting pitch etc. The effect of deforestation on our environment is very serious. Deforestation causes increase of carbon dioxide, global warming and ecological imbalance. Besides, there occurs various natural calamities like flood, cyclone, tidal surge, sea level rise etc. All these terribly affect the wild life as well as our environment. So, we may say that it is men who are mostly responsible for deforestation. To save our environment we should stop cutting trees and plant more trees and the government should raise a concern among people. (Words : 174)

Smoking : A Habitual Sickness

Smoking is a very bad habit which is injurious to health. Inhaling the smoke of burnt tobacco is called smoking. The tobacco can be either burnt in a device called pipe or it can be wrapped and rolled in a piece of tobacco leaf paper. It causes many fatal diseases like cancer, heart attack, chronic bronchitis and many other respiratory diseases. One puff of cigarette smoke contains fifteen billion particles of injurious matters. Nicotine is the most detrimental thing in smoking. It hinders the natural flow of blood, reduces the supply of oxygen in the body of the smoker. A smoker runs the risk of being attacked with colon cancer and cardiac arrest at least 7 to 8 times higher than a non-smoker. Besides, smoking pollutes the air. It irritates our eyes, offends the nose and unsettles the mind. Despite its harmful effects, people both educated and illiterate are used to smoking cigarettes. So, we should raise consciousness among people to abstain them from smoking. (Words : 165)

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Load Shedding

Load shedding is the most talked about problem in our country. It is now a national crisis. There are many causes of load shedding. Inadequate generation of power supply is the main cause of load shedding. Unplanned distribution of electricity is also another cause. Moreover, illegal connections and artificial shortage of production are also responsible for load shedding. Furthermore, stealing electricity in the pretext of system loss is another cause of load shedding. Load shedding creates problems of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of the country. Due to load shedding, the entire life-style both domestic and industrial comes to a standstill. Domestic life becomes painful as the housewives grope in the dark in the kitchen. The running mills, factories and industries come to a standstill hampering normal productivity. The students cannot continue their studies and suffer a lot for load shedding. The patients suffer terribly and operations are stopped. The foods kept in the refrigerators get rotten due to load shedding. It is we the human beings who are responsible for load shedding which frustrates personal and national progress. (Words : 181)

Traffic Jam

Traffic jam refers to a serious road block when there is a long time of vehicles plying on the road. Now it has become a common scenario of roads and streets in the big towns and cities of our country. Several causes are responsible for this traffic jam. Firstly, most of the roads and streets are narrow and unplanned. Secondly, roads are insufficient in proportion to our population. Thirdly, a lot of unlicensed vehicles ply on the roads. Next, many drivers are not aware of the rules and regulations of driving. Many others are not willing to abide by the traffic rules. Again, many others are prone to reckless driving and overtaking tendency leading to unnecessary traffic jam on the roads. Furthermore, small vehicles like rickshaws, autorickshaws, private cars, hand carts etc also cause unbearable traffic jam. Above all, the number of traffic police is quite insufficient to handle it. Traffic jam causes a lot of problems killing our valuable times. The office-goers, students, patients and general people have to suffer a lot due to traffic jam. But this situation should be handled rigidly for the welfare and smooth movement of the people. (Words : 197)

Air Pollution

Air, one of the most important elements of our environment, is getting polluted continuously posing a great threat to our existence. No human or animal can survive without air. Smoke of all kinds is the most common factor for causing air pollution. Man makes fire to cook food, to burn refuse and to melt pitch for road construction. All these create smoke and pollute the air. Smoke emitted from mills, factories, brickfields and industries also cause air pollution. Moreover, motor vehicles like cars, buses and trucks plying on roads and highways also produce a lot of smoke causing air pollution. Furthermore, by burning coal, petrol, diesel and oil, railway engines and power houses create smoke and pollute the air. But the most serious air pollution often occurs in big cities and industrial areas. Air pollution ultimately causes serious kinds of airborne diseases like hyper tension, blood pressure, cancer and so on. Sometimes serious kind of air pollution even leads to death. It is man who can stop air pollution by planting many more trees for a healthier and happier life. (Words : 180)

Eve-Teasing

Eve-teasing has been the most talked topic in our country during the recent years. Usually school or college going girls and working women become victims of this social evil. There are many reasons behind eve-teasing. Firstly, lack of moral values and free exposure to ultra-modern fashion cause eve-teasing. Secondly, want of consciousness of law enforcing agencies is another reason for it. Thirdly and most importantly, gender discrimination is one of the main reasons for eve teasing. The girls and women are usually victimised by teenage boys, rickshaw pullers, bus drivers, street vendors, traffic police and sometimes by the supervisors or colleagues of the working women. Making vulgar comments, whistling, throwing flying kisses and sending SMS or nude picture through mobile phone, e-mail, internet etc are the easiest means that teasers use to harass their opposite sexes. Eve-teasing leaves deep psychological effects on the victims. Eve-teasing increases girls’ drop out rate from schools and colleges. Teased girls are married off before they gain mental and physical maturity. Establishing human rights, empowering rural governance and removing gender disparity could be the effective tools for curbing this social curse. (Words : 186)

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Illiteracy

Illiteracy is undoubtedly a curse to a nation as it hinders all development works of the country. Illiteracy is the state of being unable to read and write which stands in the way of differentiating between right and wrong. The illiterate people cannot contribute to the welfare and prosperity of the community, let alone the country. For example, the people of Bangladesh are lagging behind in all spheres of development because of a huge number of illiterate people living here. They are devoid of the knowledge of sanitation, malnutrition and family planning. In spite of being an agricultural country, Bangladesh is yet to apply scientific methods of cultivation to boast up her production. As a result, poverty always hangs heavy on her. Again, lack of knowledge of sanitation and malnutrition leads the people to decay and death. Moreover, for lack of knowledge of family planning, population of the country is increasing at an alarming rate. However, illiteracy must be eliminated from the country. Setting up a number of schools including night schools for the adults and anti-illiteracy campaign can solve the problem of illiteracy. (Words : 184)

Natural Hazards/Calamities

Natural hazards/ calamities pose a great threat to the ecological balance of a country. Natural hazards/calamities such as floods, cyclones, earthquakes and erosion etc. are very destructive by nature. These calamities have negative impact on the life and economy of a country. Flood is the most common devastating force of nature. It usually occurs due to heavy downpour during the rainy season and causes untold sufferings to the people and property. The after effect of the flood is more pathetic. Cyclone also causes a lot of sufferings to the people. But the miseries of severe cyclones like SIDR, Ayla, Hurricane beggar description as they take away a huge number of lives and damage the whole area. Drought, another natural calamity hinders the usual growth of crops and leads the country to hunger and death. Earthquake occurring in a particular area turns it into a desert damaging human lives, animals and destroying homesteads, roads and highways. Bangladesh is also vulnerable to different natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, drought, river erosion, storms and so on. All these disasters cause untold suffering to the people. (Words: 183)

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Sound Pollution

There are many causes of sound pollution having harmful effects on the human body and mind. Sound pollution occurs when the vibration of sound is harsh, sharp and unpleasant to the ears. Acute sound pollution occurs in towns, cities and industrial areas. There are many causes of sound pollution. Enormous growth of human population and increasing use of machines in industrial works are among the main causes of sound pollution. Hydraulic horns and whistles of different motor vehicles plying on the roads also causes serious sound pollution. The grinding sounds of mills and factories also contribute to sound pollution to a great extent. Listening to music using microphones and loudspeakers, beating various kinds of drums, shouting of slogans on the roads also cause serious harmful sound pollution. Sound pollution causes many fatal diseases like heart attack, hyper tension, blood pressure, deafness etc. The normal growth of the children and the patients in hospitals are greatly affected by sound. It often hinders the students to concentrate on their studies. It is a man and the environment. That can avert sound pollution for a healthy and happy life. (Words: 184) 

Acid Violence

Acid violence is one of the most heinous and atrocious crimes of modern civilization. In most cases girls, women and children are the victims of acid violence. Sometimes this crime is caused due to personal conflict, social cause and family affairs etc. Another cause is a rejection of love or marriage proposals by the girls. Besides, in case of delay in paying the dowry, the bride falls a victim to acid throwing. Moreover, when a jilted lover fails to win the heart of his beloved, he takes to acid throwing out of revenge. Again, it so happens that the parents of a girl give her in marriage with another man defying the love affair of their daughter. Then the male lover, finding no other alternative, throws acid on the face of the girl whom he loved dearly a few days ago. The effect of acid throwing is very destructive. In most cases, the victims succumb to injury and even to death. Those who survive, drag a miserable existence. They are either crippled or paralyzed. The victims also possess a terrifying and distorted appearance. Sometimes the victims lose their mental balance. (Words: 190)

Price hike

Price hike or the increase of the price of the daily essential commodities is the most talked-about issue at the present time. The price of the daily commodities is soaring sky high to go out of reach of the poor and the lower-middle-class people of our country. There are a lot of causes behind this price hike. Hoarding of essential commodities by the dishonest businessmen is one of the causes of price hike. Smuggling and black marketing by traders and people, in general, are also important factors causing price rises. Many dishonest men have earned huge black money through black marketing. This has caused great suffering to the people. Shortage of supply due to low production also accelerates the price hike of essential goods. At present syndicate business has added to this plight. Due to inflation price hike is more acute in our country. As a result of price hike, the poor and the lower middle class people suffer intolerably. Government mechanism to curb price hike is defective. Public awareness against illegal hoarders of the daily necessaries, smugglers and black marketeers can remove this curse from the country. (Words: 190)

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Climate change

Changes in the earth’s weather including changes in temperature, wind patterns, and rainfall are referred to as climate change. It is now a major global concern. Greenhouse gases that include carbon dioxide, methane, and CFC are the main causes of this climate change. Our atmosphere which is guarded by an ozone layer resists the entrance of ultra-violet rays from the sun causing a greenhouse effect. Climate change is the worst of all the problems that affect all the flora and fauna of the environment. There are many plants and animals that are vulnerable to climate change. The summer and rainy seasons are already prolonging and winter is shrinking. The river banks are being eroded and crop land is being reduced. Besides, saline water is intruding into the rivers in the coastal areas resulting in damage to farm lands. Moreover, floods, droughts, and other disasters hit the country more frequently nowadays. Over the past century, the sea level has risen by 10 to 20 centimeters as a result of global warming. The Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove forest is also at severe risk. All these lead to more landless people and climate refugees in the country. (Words: 192)

Arsenic Pollution

Arsenic, a fatal and poisonous material, when mixed with water especially tubewell water, causes arsenic pollution. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle elements. Arsenic poisoning occurs when its intake exceeds the limit of tolerance. There are a number of causes of arsenic pollution. Due to some chemical reactions taking place underground, the metal arsenic changes into liquid arsenic and pollutes the underground water when extracted via tubewell. Excessive use of tubewell water is also another cause of arsenic pollution. Arsenic poisoning becomes chronic when a small amount of it enters a body repeatedly. It is then converted into a less toxic form in the liver and exerted with urine. Arsenic has got some life-threatening effects. Arsenic badly affects different parts of the body such as skin, heart, stomach, liver, kidney, and bone. It can cause the skin to peel off and can bring about rapid hair loss. Long-term poisoning may cause even death. Constant itching, cough, and ophthalmia are also signs of arsenic attack. Public awareness and identification of arsenic-affected tubewells may avert arsenic pollution to some extent. (Words: 184)